Intrusión acelerada con miniimplantes y corticotomía para crear espacio protésico para implante

La ausencia de un diente puede originar sobre-erupción de su antagonista debido al movimiento fisiológico. Distintos métodos se han empleado para lograr la rehabilitación en espacios interoclusales reducidos, la mayoría implica un tallado del diente antagonista o incluso la extracción dental. La intrusión dental periodontalmente asistida (corticotomía), es una alternativa terapéutica en la que el tallado del diente extruido ya no es necesario, conservando su integridad coronaria. Reporte de caso: Paciente femenino de 56 años con ausencia del 4.7, además presenta sobre-erupción del 1.7, limitando el espacio interoclusal y su rehabilitación. Se realizó intrusión del 1.7 mediante corticotomía con el Piezoeléctrico (técnica Piezocision) así como la colocación de minitornillos de ortodoncia para anclaje. Obtenido dicho espacio interoclusal, se rehabilitó con un implante dental. Conclusiones: La intrusión de molares con el apoyo de mini-implantes y corticotomías es un procedimiento que tiene como beneficio la creación de un espacio interoclusal para su restauración en un periodo corto de tiempo, sin tallar la estructura dentaria.

The absence of a tooth can cause over-eruption of its antagonist due to a physiological movement. Different methods have been used to achieve rehabilitation in reduced interocclusal spaces. Most of them involve the wear of the opposing tooth or even dental extraction. Periodontal-assisted dental intrusion is a therapeutic alternative that does not require the reduction of the extruded tooth and preserves its structure. Case report: 56-year-old female patient with absence of tooth 4.7, also presenting an over-eruption of 1.7, limiting the interocclusal space and rehabilitation. Intrusion of tooth 1.7 was performed with corticotomy using the piezocision technique and placement of mini-screws followed by the placement of a dental implant. Conclusions: The intrusion of molars aided by orthodontic mini-screws and piezocision technique is an effective treatment, whose benefit is the creation of an ideal prosthetic space in a short period of time, avoiding the reduction of dental structure.

Achieved intrusion amount of the maxillary incisors and the influencing factors in clear aligner extraction cases / 口腔疾病防治

Objective @#To investigate the achieved intrusion amount of the maxillary incisors and the influencing factors in clear aligner cases treated with extraction of premolars. @*Methods @#This study has been reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee, and informed consent has been obtained from patients. Thirty adult female patients who underwent extraction of the bilateral maxillary first premolars followed by clear aligner therapy were included. CBCT data before and after treatment were obtained, and three-dimensional reconstruction with registration alignment was performed. A spatial coordinate system was established, and the achieved intrusion amount was measured, followed by calculation of the intrusion efficacy. The factors related to the achieved intrusion amount were investigated through multiple linear regression analysis.@*Results @#The overall efficacy of maxillary incisor intrusion was 54%, with the maxillary central incisors (48%) lower than the lateral incisors (59%), which was statistically significant (P<0.001). Regression analysis showed that the designed intrusion amount and the stepwise intrusion design were positively correlated with the achieved intrusion amount. The designed retroclination amount and use of class Ⅱ intermaxillary elastics were negatively correlated with the achieved intrusion amount. The initial overbite, overjet, crowding, upper central incisor inclination, amount of the first series of aligners, canine attachment type, posterior teeth attachment type and bite ramps had no significant correlation with the achieved intrusion amount.@*Conclusion@# In maxillary first premolar extraction cases treated with clear aligners, the upper central incisors have lower efficacy of intrusion movement than the lateral incisors. The achieved intrusion amount of maxillary incisors was influenced by multiple factors, which should be considered comprehensively for better vertical control in such cases.

Analysis on Mandibular Anterior Tooth Intrusion with Clear Aligners / 医用生物力学

国家自然科学基金项目(11932012、81400536),上海申康医院发展中心临床创新三年行动计划(SHDC2020CR3009A),上海交通大学医工(理)交叉基金(JYJC202130)

ANCHORAGE PREPARATION FOR VARIOUS ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT

There are many kinds of orthodontic movements that make the clinical schedule a genuine test. With the appearance of the skeletal anchorage, it became more straightforward to take care of numerous issues, like anchorage, tipping, interruption among others. The reason for this article was to survey outright anchorage, including signs, implantation site, and any kind of orthodontic element

Intrusion of posterior teeth using miniplates: intrusive mechanics is not the same as intrusion force

ABSTRACT Objective: Biologically explain some of the bone mechanisms involved in the intrusion, or intrusive effect, of teeth submitted to skeletal open bite correction using four miniplates. Methods: The results of dental intrusion were measured and compared in 3D reconstructions of cone beam computed tomography scans taken before and after treatment of 20 patients with skeletal open bite, aged between 18 and 59 years. Results: The results allow deducing that the compression and traction forces biologically promoted deformation or deflection of the osteocyte network that controls bone design, and these effects involved the external and internal surfaces of the bone, with the formation of new layers, including the cervical portion of the alveolar bone crest. This helps understanding how dental intrusion occurs in intrusive mechanics, whose forces are of inclination rather than intrusion. The root resorptions caused by the use of miniplates were insignificant, due to the more homogeneous distribution of forces in the several teeth simultaneously involved. Conclusion: Imaging studies in CT scans tend to capture in details the subperiosteal and endosteal phenomena of dental intrusion - before and after the application of intrusive mechanics -, in the form of a set of modifications called dental intrusion or intrusive effect .

RESUMO Objetivo: Explicar, biologicamente, alguns dos mecanismos ósseos envolvidos na intrusão, ou efeito intrusivo, de dentes submetidos à correção da mordida aberta esquelética por meio do uso de quatro miniplacas. Métodos: Foram mensurados, em reconstruções 3D de tomografias computadorizadas de feixe cônico, os resultados da intrusão dentária, comparando-se o antes e o depois em 20 pacientes com mordida aberta esquelética, com idades entre 18 e 59 anos. Resultados: Os resultados permitem deduzir que as forças de compressão e de tração promovem, biologicamente, deformação ou deflexão da rede osteocítica controladora do design ósseo, e esses efeitos envolvem as superfícies externas e internas do osso, com formação de novas camadas, incluindo a parte cervical da crista óssea alveolar. Isso ajuda a compreender como ocorre a intrusão dentária nas mecânicas intrusivas cujas forças são de inclinação, e não de intrusão. As reabsorções radiculares promovidas pelo uso de miniplacas são insignificantes, em função da distribuição mais homogênea das forças nos vários dentes simultaneamente envolvidos. Conclusão: Os estudos imagiológicos tendem a captar, nas tomografias, cada vez mais detalhadamente os fenômenos subperiosteais e endosteais da intrusão dentária nos pacientes - antes e depois da aplicação das mecânicas intrusivas -, na forma de um conjunto de modificações que se chama intrusão dentária ou efeito intrusivo.

Traumatic Displacement of Maxillary Teeth into the Nasal Cavity: A Diagnosis Delayed for 15 Years

ABSTRACT Intrusion is defined as displacement of a tooth into the alveolar bone. In this report, we presented a patient with 15 years of delayed diagnosis of maxillary teeth intrusion into the nasal cavity. A 30-year-old male presented to our clinic with nasal discharge. He had been in a traffic accident 15 years ago. Radiographic examination revealed intrusion of two anterior teeth into the nasal cavity. In patients with maxillofacial trauma, the possibility of having an accompanying dentoalveolar trauma must always be kept in mind. While a computerized tomography (CT) scan is useful in diagnosis of such traumas, it must be performed in all patients with maxillofacial trauma to avoid misdiagnosis.

Negligible tooth resorptions after anterior open bite treatment using skeletal anchorage with miniplates

ABSTRACT Introduction: When miniplates are used as anchoring for orthodontic mechanics for anterior open bite correction by retraction of anterior teeth and posterior teeth intrusion and retraction, orthodontically induced inflammatory external apical root resorption is clinically negligible. Methods: A homogeneous sample of 32 patients was used, and the roots of the teeth were compared on CT scans performed before and after orthodontic treatment. Results: The observed root resorption was minimal, and this can be explained by the uniform distribution of forces in several teeth, simultaneously, in the set of the dental arch and in the bone that supports the teeth. Conclusion: The most important thing to prevent root resorption in orthodontic practice, besides being concerned with the intensity of the applied forces, is to be careful with its distribution along the roots of each tooth, in the dental arch and in the bone that supports the teeth.

RESUMO Introdução: Quando são utilizadas miniplacas como ancoragem para a mecânica ortodôntica de correção da mordida aberta anterior por meio da retração dos dentes anteriores e intrusão e retração dos dentes posteriores, as reabsorções radiculares apicais externas inflamatórias induzidas ortodonticamente são clinicamente irrelevantes. Métodos: Usou-se uma amostra homogênea de 32 pacientes, e comparou-se as raízes dos dentes em tomografias realizadas antes e depois do tratamento ortodôntico. Resultados: As reabsorções radiculares observadas foram mínimas, e isso pode ser explicado pela distribuição uniforme das forças em vários dentes, simultaneamente, no conjunto da arcada dentária e no osso que suporta os dentes. Conclusão: O mais importante para se prevenir as reabsorções radiculares na prática ortodôntica, além de se preocupar com a intensidade das forças aplicadas, é tomar cuidado com a sua distribuição ao longo das raízes de cada dente, na arcada dentária e no osso que suporta os dentes.

Trauma in Primary Teeth at a Specialized Service Center: Retrospective Cohort

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the factors associated with the occurrence of dental trauma in children up to six years of age and describe the results of clinical follow-up and possible sequelae. Material and Methods: A retrospective study was carried out with data collected from the dental records of 96 pediatric patients up to 6 years old with traumatized primary teeth who sought care from the. Pediatric Dental Trauma project of a private university in the city of Rio de Janeiro from July 2014 to July 2017, and who had clinical and radiographic follow-up for up to three months as of their initial visit. Results: 96 children (58.3% boys and 41.7% girls) included who presented 166 traumatized primary teeth. Intrusion was the most observed type of trauma and in 45.8% of cases, the care occurred one-week post trauma. The maxillary central incisors were the most affected teeth (97.6%). The prognosis of the dental elements with more than 3 months of follow-up was considered favorable, and 59.6% of the teeth did not present any clinical or radiological sequelae. Oral hygiene instruction and monitoring were the most common approaches. Conclusion: The prevalence of dental trauma in the present study was high and occurred mainly in domestic settings. The upper central incisors were the teeth that suffered the most injuries. The presence of patients at follow-up visits was an important factor for the positive result in most cases.

Tratamiento ortodóncico en paciente adulta con Periodontitis crónica controlada / Orthodontic treatment in an adult patient with controlled chronic periodontitis

RESUMEN Introducción: En pacientes adultos con periodontitis el tratamiento de Ortodoncia constituye un reto, por las condiciones biomecánicas que impone la edad, y el estado de afectación del periodonto; principal responsable de los movimientos ortodóncicos. Objetivo: Describir el tratamiento ortodóncico realizado en paciente adulta con periodontitis crónica controlada y los resultados conseguidos. Presentación del caso: Paciente femenina de 41 años, con periodontitis crónica tratada. Diastemas y extrusión en incisivos, pérdida de la inserción periodontal y exposición del cemento radicular. Apiñamiento incisivo inferior, con extrusión e incremento de la curva de Spee. Trauma oclusal interincisivo. El plan de tratamiento incluyó control de la periodontitis, la extracción de un incisivo inferior y la intrusión dentaria incisiva bimaxilar. El tratamiento duró año y medio. Los resultados fueron excelentes. Se devolvió la función perdida; se consiguió incrementar la inserción periodontal, con la consiguiente disminución de la movilidad dentaria. Se corrigió la estética afectada y se obtuvo la satisfacción de la paciente. Conclusiones: A partir de la aplicación del tratamiento de Ortodoncia se consiguió corregir las anomalías de posición dentarias y de la oclusión, devolver a la paciente adulta portadora de periodontitis crónica la estética perdida y una oclusión funcional. Las decisiones terapéuticas consideraron el estado del periodonto, el control de la enfermedad y la edad de la paciente. Las fuerzas aplicadas fueron extremadamente controladas y el tiempo de tratamiento el menor posible. La motivación y el cuidado de la higiene bucal contribuyeron a los resultados alcanzados.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The orthodontic treatment is a challenge in adult patients with periodontitis because of the biomechanical conditions imposed by age and the state of involvement of the periodontium, which is the main responsible for orthodontic movements. Objective: To describe the orthodontic treatment performed in an adult patient with controlled chronic periodontitis and to show the results obtained. Case Presentation: Forty-one years old female patient with chronic periodontitis. She presented diastemas and incisors extrusion, loss of periodontal insertion and exposure of the root cement, lower incisor crowding with extrusion and increase of the curve of Spee. She also had interincisive occlusal trauma. The treatment plan included the control of periodontitis, the removal of a lower incisor and the intrusion of bimaxillary incisor. The treatment lasted a year and a half. The results were excellent. The lost function was restored and periodontal insertion was increased with the consequent decrease in tooth mobility. The affected aesthetics was corrected obtaining patient satisfaction. Conclusions: From the application of the orthodontic treatment, it was possible to correct the dental position and occlusion anomalies and give the patient back the lost esthetics and a functional occlusion. Therapeutic decisions considered the state of the periodontium, the control of the disease and the age of the patient. The applied forces were extremely controlled and the treatment time was as short as possible. The motivation and care of oral hygiene contributed to the results achieved.

Trauma dentario en una adolescente / Dental trauma in an adolescent

Se describe el caso clínico de una paciente de 15 años de edad, quien producto de un trauma, sufrió luxación intrusiva del 12 y lateral del 11 con pérdida de la vitalidad de ambos dientes. Recibió tratamiento inmediato en cuerpo de guardia con lenta evolución y debido a otras manifestaciones clínicas acudió a la consulta de Estomatología General Integral de la Clínica Estomatológica Provincial Docente Mártires del Moncada de Santiago de Cuba. Se le realizó tratamiento endodóntico en ambos dientes y fue remitida a la consulta de Ortodoncia donde se le colocó aparatología fija hasta lograr un resalte y sobrepase funcional.

The case report of a 15 year-old patient is described who as a result of a trauma, suffered intrusive luxation of the 12 and lateral of the 11 with loss of vitality of both teeth. She received immediate treatment in the emergency room with slow course and due to other clinical manifestations she visited the Comprehensive General Stomatology service of Mártires del Moncada Teaching Provincial Stomatological Clinic in Santiago de Cuba . Endodontic treatment was carried out in both teeth and it was referred to the Orthodontics service where fixed aparatology was placed up to achieving a functional resalte y sobrepase.

Smile changes after intrusion of maxillary incisors with temporary anchorage devices (TADs) or accentuated compensating curve arch wire

Objective: The aim is to evaluate changes of smile and gingival line after intrusion of maxillary incisors using mini-implant anchorage system or conventional accentuated compensating curve archwire. Materials and Methods: Twenty participants having deep overbite with age ranged from 18 to 24 years were enrolled in this study and were divided into two groups of 10 each. Intrusion of maxillary incisors was performed using mini-implant anchorage system in group 1 and by conventional accentuated compensating curve archwire in group 2. For each participant, lip position, dental and skeletal measurements related to the gingival line were recorded from standardized photographs and cephalometric analyses. Statistical analyses including t-test and Chi-square were used to evaluate differences between groups. Results: There was an improvement of smile arc (consonance) from 30% smile consonance pretreatment to 90% consonance postintrusion in group 1, but the change was insignificant in Group 2. There was an increase in the outer intercommisural width in Group 2 compared to group 1 with a significant difference between both groups (P < 0.046). A significant decrease in the upper lip to upper incisal edge relationship in Group 1 and an insignificant decrease in Group 2 (P = 0.03 and P = 0.262, respectively) was detected. A significant decrease in overbite in Group 1and in Group 2 (P = 0.001) with an insignificant difference between both groups (P > 0.05) was also observed. Conclusion: Smile improvement in the mini-implant group was mainly the result of improved smile arc, increase in outer intercommisural width, decrease in upper lip to upper incisal edge relationship, and decrease in overbite. With the use of accentuated compensating archwires, the only significant change was increase in the interlabial gap.

Evaluation of Change in Dento-Skeletal Vertical Dimensions using Two Retraction Methods: A Comparative Study

Introduction: The goal of Orthodontic treatment is toimprove the patient’s life through enhancement of Dentofacialfunctions and esthetics. Paradigms have started to shift inOrthodontic world since the introduction of mini-implantsin the anchorage armamentarium. So the present study wasundertaken to analyse and compare the amount of Intrusionin maxillary anterior teeth segment using one and twominiscrews, while paying an utmost attention to patientscomfort and esthetics during the treatment.Material and Methods: The sample consisted of 20 subjectswith deep overbite and complete root formation with increasedincisor show. Lateral cephlogram and P.A Cephalogram wererecorded before placement of implant. Sample was furtherdivided in to two groups, Group I (Implant group one implantis placed between maxillary central incisors and two implantsplaced between second premolar and first molar) and GroupII (Implant Group with Power arms, one implant is placedbetween maxillary central incisor and power arms fabricatedon first molar bilaterally). Clinical evaluation of intrusion wasrecorded on every six weeks.Results: The mean intrusion achieved is 0.28mm per 6weeks interval of time in both groups suggesting there is nodifference in amount of intrusion achieved in both groups withp value of 0.697 which is statistically non-significant. Changein Frankfort mandibular plane angle was observed with GroupI and Group II.Conclusion: On the base of study it was concluded thatimplant and power arm is better choice for intrusion inmaxillary anterior segment for correction of deep overbite andcorrection of gummy smile with minimal effect on posteriorsegment

Intrusive Dislocation in Permanent Teeth: Review of Literature and Clinical Case Report / Luxación Intrusiva en Dientes Permanentes: Revisión de Literatura e Informe de Caso Clínico

ABSTRACT: Intrusive dislocation is an unusual and severe trauma, where the tooth is displaced axially into the alveolar bone, causing damage to the periodontal and pulpal tissues. The objective was to report a case of intrusive dislocation on a right maxillary central incisor of a 12-year-old patient, where the proposed treatment was immediate surgical repositioning. Clinical and radiographic examination revealed partial tooth intrusion and complete root formation. The impacted tooth was surgically repositioned and immobilized. Subsequently, the endodontic treatment of the tooth associated with intracanal medication was performed. After 10 months of successive calcium hydroxide changes, the root canal system was filled. Clinical-radiographic follow-ups were performed over 5 years and 7 months, revealing discrete root resorption. It was concluded that immediate surgical repositioning, associated with adequate root canal therapy may be an effective therapeutic option in cases of intrusive dislocation of permanent teeth.

RESUMEN: La luxación intrusiva es un trauma inusual y severo, en el que el diente se desplaza axialmente hacia el hueso alveolar, causando daño a los tejidos periodontales y pulpares. El objetivo fue informar un caso de luxación intrusiva en un incisivo central superior derecho de un paciente de 12 años, donde el tratamiento propuesto fue el reposicionamiento quirúrgico inmediato. El examen clínico y radiográfico reveló una intrusión dental parcial y la formación completa de la raíz. El diente afectado fue reposicionado e inmovilizado quirúrgicamente. Posteriormente, se realizó el tratamiento endodóntico del diente asociado con la medicación intracanal. Después de 10 meses de sucesivos cambios de hidróxido de calcio, se llenó el sistema de conductos radiculares. Los seguimientos clínico-radiográficos se realizaron durante 5 años y 7 meses, revelando la resorción discreta de la raíz. Se concluyó que el reposicionamiento quirúrgico inmediato, asociado con la terapia adecuada del conducto radicular, puede ser una opción terapéutica efectiva en casos de luxación intrusiva de dientes permanentes.

Intrusion of the extruded maxillary central incisor using skeletal anchorage system and unilateral segmental intrusion arch

Patients who have a moderate periodontitis with pathologic tooth migration of maxillary incisors, it is necessary not only periodontal treatment for reduce periodontal inflammation, but also orthodontic treatment to teeth repositioning. For orthodontic treatment, it is necessary to apply less force and careful considerations of the center of resistance of the tooth and optimal force of tooth movement. At this time, the segmental arch applied only to the target teeth, is more effective and predictable, because applied force and direction can be controlled. In addition, to design the orthodontic appliance that can prevent the unwanted tooth movement that used as an anchorage is important. In recent years, various types of skeletal anchorage system have been used for preventing loss of the anchorage. We reported the patient who had extruded maxillary central incisor due to pathologic tooth migration, treated by a successful periodontal-orthodontic multidisciplinary treatment using an orthodontic appliance designed to apply less traumatic force and reduce an anchorage loss.

Repositioning of overerupted upper molar for facilitating lower implant placement with miniscrews

@#Loss of the mandibular first molar often leads to the overeruption of the opposing maxillary first molar, resulting in inadequate interocclusal space. In this report, two miniscrews were placed into the buccal and palatal region of the upper first molar to correct the overerupted teeth using power chains. Progress of treatment was evaluated every two weeks for five months. The clinical results showed significant intrusion while maintaining periodontal health, tooth vitality, and root length.

Three-dimensional assessment of external apical root resorption after maxillary posterior teeth intrusion with miniscrews in anterior open bite patients

ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the external apical root resorption (EARR) of the maxillary posterior teeth after intrusion with miniscrews. Methods: Fifteen patients (13 females and 2 males) with age ranging from 14.5 to 22 years (mean 18.1 ±2.03 years) were selected to participate in this study. All patients presented with anterior open bite of 3 mm or more. An intrusion force of 300 g was applied on each side to intrude the maxillary posterior teeth. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were taken pretreatment and post-intrusion and were analyzed to evaluate the EARR. Results: The maxillary posterior teeth were intruded in average 2.79 ± 0.46 mm (p< 0.001) in 5.1 ± 1.3 months, and all examined roots showed statistically significant EARR (p< 0.05) with an average of 0.55 mm, except the distobuccal root of the left first permanent molars and both the palatal and buccal roots of left first premolars, which showed no statistically significant changes. Conclusions: The evaluated teeth presented statistically significant EARR, but clinically, due to the small magnitude, it was not considered significant. Moreover, the CBCT provided a good visualization of all roots in all three planes, and it was effective in detecting minimal degrees of EARR.

RESUMO Objetivo: o objetivo desse estudo foi verificar a existência de reabsorção radicular apical externa (RRAE) em dentes posterossuperiores após intrusão ancorada em mini-implantes. Métodos: quinze pacientes (13 mulheres e 2 homens) com a idade variando entre 14,5 e 22 anos (média de 18,1 ± 2,03 anos) foram selecionados para participar desse estudo. Todos os pacientes possuíam mordida aberta anterior de 3mm ou mais. Uma força de 300 gramas foi aplicada em cada lado para intruir os dentes posterossuperiores. Tomografias computadorizadas de feixe cônico (TCFC), adquiridas antes do tratamento e após a intrusão, foram comparadas para se avaliar a RRAE. Resultados: os dentes posterossuperiores foram intruídos em média 2,70 ± 0,46 mm (p< 0,001) em 5,1 ± 1,3 meses, e todas as raízes examinadas mostraram RRAE estatisticamente significativa (p< 0,05), com média de 0,55 mm, exceto pela raiz distovestibular dos primeiros molares permanentes esquerdos, e pelas raízes palatina e vestibular dos primeiros pré-molares esquerdos, que não apresentaram mudanças estatisticamente significativas. Conclusões: os dentes avaliados apresentaram RRAE estatisticamente significativa, a qual, porém, não foi considerada clinicamente significativa, devido à sua reduzida magnitude. Além disso, a TCFC possibilitou uma boa visualização de todas as raízes nos três planos espaciais, e foi eficaz para detecção de níveis mínimos de RRAE.

Evaluation of changes in the maxillary alveolar bone after incisor intrusion / 대한치과교정학회지

OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to investigate the changes in alveolar bone after maxillary incisor intrusion and to determine the related factors in deep-bite patients. METHODS: Fifty maxillary central incisors of 25 patients were evaluated retrospectively. The maxillary incisors in Group I (12 patients; mean age, 16.51 ± 1.32 years) were intruded with a base-arch, while those in Group II (13 patients; mean age, 17.47 ± 2.71 years) were intruded with miniscrews. Changes in the alveolar envelope were assessed using pre-intrusion and post-intrusion cone-beam computed tomography images. Labial, palatal, and total bone thicknesses were evaluated at the crestal (3 mm), midroot (6 mm), and apical (9 mm) levels. Buccal and palatal alveolar crestal height, buccal bone height, and the prevalence of dehiscence were evaluated. Two-way repeated measure ANOVA was used to determine the significance of the changes. Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis was performed to assess the relationship between dental and alveolar bone measurement changes. RESULTS: Upper incisor inclination and intrusion changes were significantly greater in Group II than in Group I. With treatment, the alveolar bone thickness at the labial bone thickness (LBT, 3 and 6 mm) decreased significantly in Group II (p < 0.001) as compared to Group I. The LBT change at 3 mm was strongly and positively correlated with the amount of upper incisor intrusion (r = 0.539; p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Change in the labial inclination and the amount of intrusion should be considered during upper incisor intrusion, as these factors increase the risk of alveolar bone loss.

Orthodontic intrusion of the first and second mandibular molars with a vacuum-formed removable appliance: a case report / 华西口腔医学杂志

This case report focused on a patient with supraeruption of the first and second mandibular molars as a result of loss of the first and second maxillary molars for a long time. We adopted a combination of a vacuum-formed removable appliance and elastics to intrude the first and second mandibular molars by using a continuous, light force to acquire sufficient restoration space for maxillary molars. Thus, the dental-implant treatment was successful, and a good and stable occlusal relationship was established.

Therapeutic effect of orthodontic intrusion combined with periodontal regenerative surgery in the treatment of pathologic migration of upper incisors / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective · To evaluate the effectiveness of orthodontic intrusion combined with periodontal regenerative surgery in the treatment of pathologic migration of upper incisors.Methods· Nine patients with chronic periodontitis who had pathologic migration of upper incisors were selected.After periodontal initial therapy,periodontal regenerative surgery was performed on the vertical defect around 11 displaced teeth,and then orthodontic intrusion was performed 3 months after the surgery.The differences between baseline (T0) and end of orthodontic treatment (T1) of the periodontal clinical parameters and bone defects were analyzed.Results · For all patients,the periodontal clinical parameters and bone defects were significantly improved.The average pocket probing depth reduction was 2.81 mm,the average attachment gain was 3.38 mm,the average gingival recession was reduced by 0.56 mm,and the width of keratinized gingival tissue was not decreased.As measured on the X-ray,the depth and width of the vertical bone defect were reduced by an average of 2.20 mm and 0.55 mm,respectively.Conclusion · Orthodontic intrusion combined with periodontal regenerative surgery can effectively treat pathologic migration of the upper incisors with vertical bone defects,and obtain good periodontal soft and hard tissue regeneration.

Intrusion of upper molars with mini-implants for open bite correction is effective? A systematic review / A intrusão de molares superiores com mini-implantes para correção da mordida aberta é eficaz? Revisão sistemática

Introduction: The open bite is a malocclusion defined by the absence of a positive vertical overlap of the upper incisors over the lower ones. It is believed that the correction of this malocclusion with mini-implants is as effective as another technique. Objective: To verify by scientific evidence the effectiveness of upper molar intrusion with mini-implants for correction of open bite. Material and Methods: This systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions (version 5.3) was used to assess the methodological quality and risk of bias of the included studies. Results: During the selection and evaluation process, 795 of the 1297 papers were eligible for research in their titles and abstracts. Repeated articles were removed and as a result, 21 articles were retrieved and read completely. Those who did not meet the inclusion criteria were excluded, resulting in only 6 articles that were included. Conclusion: The intrusion of the upper molars with the use of mini-implants as a skeletal anchor is effective for open bite correction. When the technique of upper molar intrusion with mini-implants was compared with the technique of posterior high pull and incisor extrusion, the first one was more effective for the correction of open bite. The recurrence of molar intrusion does not invalidate mini-implant treatment for open bite correction because the benefits achieved outweigh the small dental relapse. (AU)

Introdução: A mordida aberta é uma má oclusão definida pela ausência de um trespasse vertical positivo dos incisivos superiores sobre os inferiores. Acredita-se que a correção desta má oclusão com mini-implantes seja tão eficaz quanto outra técnica. Objetivo: Constatar por evidências científicas a eficácia da intrusão dos molares superiores com mini-implantes para correção da mordida aberta. Material e Métodos: Esta revisão sistemática foi conduzida de acordo com as diretrizes PRISMA. Para avaliar a qualidade metodológica e o risco de viés dos estudos incluídos, utilizou-se a Ferramenta Cochrane de Colaboração para avaliação do risco de viés, publicado Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions (versão 5.3). Resultados: Durante o processo de seleção e avaliação, 795 dos 1297 artigos mostraram-se elegíveis para a pesquisa em seus títulos e resumos. Os artigos repetidos foram removidos e como resultado, 21 artigos foram recuperados e lidos por completo. Aqueles que não preencheram os critérios de inclusão foram excluídos, resultando em apenas 6 artigos que foram inclusos. Conclusão: A intrusão dos molares superiores com o uso de mini-implantes como ancoragem esquelética é eficaz para correção de mordida aberta. Quando a técnica de intrusão de molares superiores com miniimplantes foi comparada com a técnica de puxada alta posterior e extrusão de incisivos, a primeira foi mais eficaz para correção da mordida aberta. A recidiva da intrusão dos molares não invalida o tratamento com mini-implantes para correção da mordida aberta porque os benefícios alcançados superam a pequena recidiva dentária (AU)